問題

次の文章を読み、続く設問の解答を5つの選択肢の中から1つ選びなさい。

We are delighted to announce the grand opening of the “Skyline Fitness Center” on March 1st. To provide a better fitness experience, our facility is equipped with state-of-the-art exercise machines and a 25-meter indoor swimming pool.

Starting from the opening day, we will offer personalized training programs. Our certified instructors will design a workout plan based on each member’s physical condition and goals. The plans can be updated monthly to ensure steady progress.

Grand Opening Campaign (March 1–31):
・ No registration fee for new members (usually $100)
・ Two free guest passes for every new sign-up
・ 15% discount on annual memberships (paid in full upfront)

Membership Benefits:
・ Free rental of towels and yoga mats
・ Access to the sauna and steam room (10:00–22:00)
・ Weekly group classes (limited to 15 participants, online booking required)

For membership applications and class bookings:
Tel: 555-8899
Web: www.skylinefitness.com

– Members who refer a friend will receive a $30 voucher for our health juice bar.

設問1

What is NOT listed as a facility or service of the fitness center?

選択肢

設問2

Which of the following is true about the opening campaign?

選択肢

設問3

According to the text, how can members attend group classes?

選択肢

問題

次の文章を読み、続く設問の解答を5つの選択肢の中から1つ選びなさい。

Advances in renewable energy technology have significantly altered the global energy landscape over the past decade. Among various sources, solar power has seen the most dramatic cost reduction, thanks to innovations in photovoltaic cell efficiency and large-scale manufacturing. In many regions, the cost of generating electricity from solar energy is now lower than that of coal-fired power plants.

However, the intermittent nature of solar and wind energy remains a primary challenge for grid stability. Since power generation depends on weather conditions and time of day, it does not always align with consumer demand. To address this, researchers are focusing on developing advanced battery storage systems and smart grid technologies that can store excess energy and distribute it more effectively.

Furthermore, the transition to green energy requires significant investment in infrastructure. Existing power grids, often built for centralized fossil fuel plants, must be modernized to handle decentralized energy sources. While the initial costs are high, the long-term benefits, including reduced carbon emissions and energy security, are widely seen as essential for a sustainable future.

設問1

According to the text, what is the main reason for the dramatic decrease in the cost of solar power?

選択肢

設問2

What is mentioned as a major obstacle to the stability of the power grid?

選択肢

設問3

What is necessary to adapt existing power grids to renewable energy?

選択肢

問題

次の文章を読み、続く設問の解答を5つの選択肢の中から1つ選びなさい。

The “Oceania Art Museum” is pleased to welcome visitors to its new wing, dedicated to contemporary digital art. The expansion includes interactive galleries and a high-definition theater that showcases the works of emerging global artists.

From April 15th, we will launch our “Digital Masterpieces” exhibition. This unique event features digital recreations of classical paintings, allowing visitors to experience historical art through augmented reality (AR) technology. The exhibition themes rotate every three weeks.

Visitor Information (April 15 –June 30):
・ Admission: $15 (Free for students with a valid ID on Wednesdays)
・ Audio guides available in five languages ($5 rental fee)
・ 10% discount at the museum shop for purchases over $40

Special Events:
・ Artist Talk: Every Saturday at 14:00 (reservation required 48 hours in advance)
・ AR Workshops: Twice a week (limited to 12 participants per session)
・ Late Night Opening: Every Friday until 21:00 (regular closing time 18:00)

For ticket purchases and workshop registration:
Email: tickets@oceania-art.org
Visit: www.oceania-art.org/exhibitions

– Visitors who complete our online survey will be entered into a monthly draw to win two free museum passes.

設問1

What is a characteristic of the new “Digital Masterpieces” exhibition?

選択肢

設問2

Which of the following is correct regarding the admission and discounts?

選択肢

設問3

According to the text, what is true about the special events?

選択肢

問題

次の文章を読み、続く設問の解答を5つの選択肢の中から1つ選びなさい。

The concept of “Circular Economy” has gained momentum as a sustainable alternative to the traditional linear model of “take-make-dispose.” In a circular system, products and materials are designed to be reused, repaired, and recycled, thereby minimizing waste and reducing the consumption of natural resources. This approach not only addresses environmental concerns but also offers economic opportunities by fostering innovation in product design and supply chain management.

One of the key strategies in a circular economy is the shift from ownership to service-based models. For example, instead of selling light bulbs, some companies now provide “lighting as a service,” where they maintain and replace equipment while retaining ownership of the materials. This incentivizes manufacturers to create durable, long-lasting products rather than those designed for planned obsolescence.

Despite its potential, transitioning to a circular economy faces several hurdles. Global supply chains are currently optimized for linear flows, and the regulatory frameworks in many countries do not yet support circular practices. Moreover, the high cost of high-tech recycling processes can sometimes exceed the price of raw materials, making it difficult for companies to justify the switch without financial incentives or stricter environmental regulations.

設問1

What is the primary goal of a circular economy?

選択肢

設問2

How does the “service-based model” change the incentive for manufacturers?

選択肢

設問3

According to the passage, what is one of the difficulties in adopting a circular economy?

選択肢

問題

次の文章を読み、続く設問の解答を5つの選択肢の中から1つ選びなさい。

The psychological phenomenon known as “Cognitive Dissonance,” first proposed by Leon Festinger in the 1950s, describes the mental discomfort experienced by individuals who hold two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or ideas. This discomfort acts as a powerful motivator, leading people to change their attitudes or behaviors to restore internal consistency. When faced with information that contradicts their existing views, individuals often engage in various mental strategies to reduce the tension.

Common methods for reducing cognitive dissonance include justifying the behavior by adding new consonant beliefs or downplaying the importance of the conflicting element. For instance, a person who smokes despite knowing the health risks might convince themselves that the stress-relieving benefits of smoking outweigh the long-term dangers. Alternatively, they might seek out information that questions the validity of medical research on tobacco.

In the digital age, cognitive dissonance is often amplified by “echo chambers” on social media platforms. Algorithms frequently show users content that aligns with their existing preferences, reinforcing their biases and making it easier to ignore dissenting voices. This makes the process of addressing dissonance more difficult, as individuals are rarely exposed to the very contradictions that might prompt a reassessment of their views. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for fostering critical thinking and open dialogue in a polarized society.

設問1

According to the text, what triggers the process of reducing cognitive dissonance?

選択肢

設問2

What is an example of a strategy to reduce dissonance mentioned in the second paragraph?

選択肢

設問3

How do social media “echo chambers” affect the experience of cognitive dissonance?

選択肢